NOUN CLAUSE & CONJUNCTION

 NOUN CLAUSE

A noun clause is an entire clause which takes the place of a noun in another clause or phrase. Like a noun, a noun clause acts as the subject or object of a verb or the object of a preposition, answering the questions "who(m)?" or "what

A noun is used as a sucject or an object.
A noun clause is used as a subject. In other words, a noun clause is used in the same ways as a noun.
A noun clause is a clause functioning as a noun. It has its own subject and verb.
(sumber : buku cetak)

Noun clause adalah klausa yang berfungsi sebagai nomina. Karena fungsinya sebagai nomina, maka noun clause dapat menduduki posisi-posisi berikut:
1.    Subjek kalimat (subject of a sentence)
2.    Objek verba transitif (object of a transitive verb)
3.    Objek preposisi (object of a preposition)
4.    Pelengkap (complement)
5.    Pemberi keterangan tambahan (noun in apposition)

CONTOH KALIMAT
NOUN CLAUSE SEBAGAI SUBJECT KALIMAT  ( S + V )
1.    What he said was interesting.
2.    What she said surprise me.
3.    What the teacher said was true.
4.    That the world is round is a fact.

NOUN CLAUSE SEBAGAI OBJEK VERBA TRANSITIF (S + V + O verb)
1.    I don’t know what you said.
2.    I understand what she is talking about.
3.    He said that he would study in japan

NOUN CLAUSE SEBAGAI PREPOSISI  (V + O)
1.    Please listen to what your teacher is saying.
2.    Be carefull of what you doing.

NOUN CLAUSE SEBAGAI PELENGKAP (S + V + O/ket.pelengkap)
1.    This is what I want.
2.    That is what you need.
3.    This is what the teacher want.
NOUN CLAUSE SEBAGAI APPOSITION (S + V + O)
1.    The idea that people can live without oxygen is unreasonable.
2.    The fact that the color of sun is yellow is doesn’t surprise me.

NOUN CLAUSE DIAWALI DENGAN THAT
1.    I think that she is a good singer.
2.    We know that the world is round.

NOUN CLAUSE DENGAN WHETHER ATAU IF
1.    I don’t know whether Sally will come.
2.    I don’t know if she will come.
3.    I wonder if she will come or not.

Exercise

1.  Do you know _____________________?
A.  where we will be taking the TOEFL test
B.  where will we be taking the TOEFL test
C.  where we will taking the TOEFL test
D.  which we will be taking the TOEFL test
Answer: A

2.  _________________changed his life forever.
A.   That Tomo did
B.   What  did Tomo do
C.   What Tomo did
D.   Who Tomo did
Answer: C

3.  I will talk _________________.
A.  about whatever is on your mind
B.  whatever is on your mind
C.  about whenever is on your mind
D.  about whichever is on your mind
Answer: A

4.  I don't know ____________________.
A.  when will we go to the football game
B.  whom we will go to the football game
C.  whenever we will go to the football game
D.  when we will go to the football game
Answer: D

5.  _{______________________} when the others will arrive?
A.  Do Steve know
B.  Do Steve knows
C.  Does Steve know
D.  Is Steve know
Answer: C

Source:

http://www.uottawa.ca/academic/arts/writcent/hypergrammar/claustyp.html

http://citrasat.wordpress.com/2010/03/14/pengertian-noun-clause/

http://hedwigsite.blogspot.com/

http://buckhoff.topcities.com/noun_clauses.html

CONJUNCTION 

You can use conjunction a to link words, phrases, and clauses, as in the following example:

I ate the pizza and the pasta.

Call the movers when you are ready.

Definition

Some words are satisfied spending an evening at home, alone, eating ice-cream right out of the box, watching Seinfeld re-runs on TV, or reading a good book. Others aren't happy unless they're out on the town, mixing it up with other words; they're joiners and they just can't help themselves. A conjunction is a joiner, a word that connects (conjoins) parts of a sentence.

Coordinating Conjunctions

The simple, little conjunctions are called coordinating conjunctions (It may help you remember these conjunctions by recalling that they all have fewer than four letters. Also, remember the acronym FANBOYS: For-And-Nor-But-Or-Yet-So. Be careful of the words then and now; neither is a coordinating conjunction, so what we say about coordinating conjunctions' roles in a sentence and punctuation does not apply to those two words.)

Subordinating Conjunctions

A Subordinating Conjunction (sometimes called a dependent word or subordinator) comes at the beginning of a Subordinate (or Dependent) Clause and establishes the relationship between the dependent clause and the rest of the sentence. It also turns the clause into something that depends on the rest of the sentence for its meaning.

• He took to the stage as though he had been preparing for this moment all his life.
• Because he loved acting, he refused to give up his dream of being in the movies.
• Unless we act now, all is lost.

Correlative Conjunctions

Some conjunctions combine with other words to form what are called correlative conjunctions. They always travel in pairs, joining various sentence elements that should be treated as grammatically equal.

• She led the team not only in statistics but also by virtue of her enthusiasm.
• Polonius said, "Neither a borrower nor a lender be."
• Whether you win this race or lose it doesn't matter as long as you do your best.

Conjunctive Adverbs

The conjunctive adverbs such as however, moreover, nevertheless, consequently, as a result are used to create complex relationships between ideas. Refer to the section on Coherence: Transitions Between Ideas for an extensive list of conjunctive adverbs categorized according to their various uses and for some advice on their application within sentences (including punctuation issues).


Exercise

1.        1. I do it _____ I like it.

a.       And

b.      When

c.       If

d.      But

Answer: A

I do it because I like it.

2.        2. Let us wait here _____ the rain stops

a.       Since

b.      And

c.       Until

d.      UnlessLet us wait here until the rain stops. You cannot be a lawyer unless you have a law degree.

Answer: C

We were getting tired so we stopped for a rest.

3.        3. He was angry _____ he heard when happened

a.       So

b.      Since

c.       Because

d.      When

Answer: D

He was angry when he heard when happened.

4.        4.   Walk quickly _____ you will be late

a.       Until

b.      Or

c.       So

d.      ButHe had to retire because of ill health.

Answer: B

5.        5. We will go swimming next Sunday _____ it's raining

a.       But

b.      Because

c.       And

d.      If

Answer: B

Source:           
http://www.towson.edu/ows/conjunctions.htm
http://www.myenglishgrammar.com/english/exercise-9-conjunctions.html 
http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/conjunctions.html

Things were different when I was young.