CONDITIONAL
SENTENCES
Conditional sentences
are sentences expressing factual implications, or hypothetical
situations and their consequences. They are so called
because the validity of the main clause
of the sentence is conditional on the existence of certain circumstances,
which may be expressed in a dependent clause
or may be understood from the context.
Conditional sentences
are used to speculate about what could happen, what might have happened, and
what we wish would happen. In English, most sentences using the conditional
contain the word if. Many conditional forms in English are used in
sentences that include verbs in one of the past tenses. This usage is referred
to as "the unreal
past" because we use a past tense but we are not actually
referring to something that happened in the past. There are five main ways of
constructing conditional sentences in English. In all cases, these sentences
are made up of an if clause and a main clause. In many negative
conditional sentences, there is an equivalent sentence construction using
"unless" instead of "if".
1. Type 1
Conditional
The type 1 conditional
is used to refer to the present or future where the situation
is real. The type 1 conditional refers to a possible condition and
its probable result. In these sentences the if clause is in the simple present,
and the main clause is in the simple futureIf + Simple Present, will + Verb I
Example:
a. If I go to market, i will buy some vegetables.
b. If John has the money, he will buy a Ferrari.
2. Type
2 Conditional
The
type 2 conditional is used to refer to a time that is now or any time,
and a situation that is unreal.
These sentences are not based on fact. The type 2 conditional is used to
refer to a hypothetical condition and its probable result. In type 2
conditional sentences, the if clause uses the simple past, and the main clause
uses the present conditional.
Rumus:
If + Past Tense, would +
Verb I
Example:
a. If I found her address, I would send her an
invitation.
b. If I were a millionaire, I would donate my money
to charity.
3. Type
3 Conditional
The
type 3 conditional is used to refer to a time that is in the past,
and a situation that is contrary to reality. The facts they
are based on are the opposite of what is expressed. The type 3 conditional is
used to refer to an unreal past condition and its probable past result. In type
3 conditional sentences, the if clause uses the past perfect, and the main
clause uses the perfect conditional.
If + Past Perfect, would have +Verb III
Example:
a. If it had rained, you would have gotten wet.
b. If you had worked harder, you would have passed your exam.
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