Selasa, 24 Maret 2015

TUGAS 1 (CONDITIONAL SENTENCES)


CONDITIONAL SENTENCES


Conditional sentences are sentences expressing factual implications, or hypothetical situations and their consequences. They are so called because the validity of the main clause of the sentence is conditional on the existence of certain circumstances, which may be expressed in a dependent clause or may be understood from the context.

Conditional sentences are used to speculate about what could happen, what might have happened, and what we wish would happen. In English, most sentences using the conditional contain the word if. Many conditional forms in English are used in sentences that include verbs in one of the past tenses. This usage is referred to as "the unreal past" because we use a past tense but we are not actually referring to something that happened in the past. There are five main ways of constructing conditional sentences in English. In all cases, these sentences are made up of an if clause and a main clause. In many negative conditional sentences, there is an equivalent sentence construction using "unless" instead of "if".

1. Type 1 Conditional
The type 1 conditional is used to refer to the present or future where the situation is real. The type 1 conditional refers to a possible condition and its probable result. In these sentences the if clause is in the simple present, and the main clause is in the simple future


Rumus: 
If + Simple Present, will + Verb I

Example:
a. If I go to market, i will buy some vegetables.
b. If John has the money, he will buy a Ferrari.

2. Type 2 Conditional
The type 2 conditional is used to refer to a time that is now or any time, and a situation that is unreal. These sentences are not based on fact. The type 2 conditional is used to refer to a hypothetical condition and its probable result. In type 2 conditional sentences, the if clause uses the simple past, and the main clause uses the present conditional.

Rumus:
If + Past Tense, would + Verb I

Example:
a. If I found her address, I would send her an invitation.
b. If I were a millionaire, I would donate my money to charity.

3. Type 3 Conditional
The type 3 conditional is used to refer to a time that is in the past, and a situation that is contrary to reality. The facts they are based on are the opposite of what is expressed. The type 3 conditional is used to refer to an unreal past condition and its probable past result. In type 3 conditional sentences, the if clause uses the past perfect, and the main clause uses the perfect conditional.

Rumus:
If + Past Perfect, would have +Verb III

Example:
a. If it had rained, you would have gotten wet.
b. If you had worked harder, you would have passed your exam.




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